idol, mawmet, image, simulacra
Posted: Wed Aug 26, 2009 10:19 pm
In the first English Translations of the New Testament and later revisions there were archaic words that also have with their own more modern equivalents, such as idol and mawmet; images and simulacra.
1John 5:21 wrote:Wycliffe editions wrote:21 My little sons, keep ye you from maumets. [Amen.] [Little sons, keep ye you from simulacra, or covetousness. Amen.]Tyndale editions wrote:21 Babes keep yourselves from images. [Little children beware of images] Amen.Geneva editions wrote:21 Little children, [Babes] keep yourselves from idols, Amen.
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Word: Image
/Im´age/ n. [F., fr. L. imago, imaginis, from the root of imitari to imitate. See Imitate, and cf. Imagine.] 1. An imitation, representation, or similitude of any person, thing, or act, sculptured, drawn, painted, or otherwise made perceptible to the sight; a visible presentation; a copy; a likeness; an effigy; a picture; a semblance.
Even like a stony image, cold and numb. Shak.
Whose is this image and superscription? Matt. xxii. 2 0.
This play is the image of a murder done in Vienna. Shak.
And God created man in his own image. Gen. i. 27.
2. Hence: The likeness of anything to which worship is paid; an idol. Chaucer.
Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, . . . thou shalt not bow down thyself to them. Ex. xx. 4, 5.
3. Show; appearance; cast.
The face of things a frightful image bears. Dryden.
4. A representation of anything to the mind; a picture drawn by the fancy; a conception; an idea.
Can we conceive
Image of aught delightful, soft, or great? Prior.
5. (Rhet.) A picture, example, or illustration, often taken from sensible objects, and used to illustrate a subject; usually, an extended metaphor. Brande & C.
6. (Opt.) The figure or picture of any object formed at the focus of a lens or mirror, by rays of light from the several points of the object symmetrically refracted or reflected to corresponding points in such focus; this may be received on a screen, a photographic plate, or the retina of the eye, and viewed directly by the eye, or with an eyeglass, as in the telescope and microscope; the likeness of an object formed by reflection; as, to see one's image in a mirror.
Electrical image. See under Electrical. -- Image breaker, one who destroys images; an iconoclast. -- Image graver, Image maker, a sculptor. -- Image worship, the worship of images as symbols; iconolatry distinguished from idolatry; the worship of images themselves. -- Image Purkinje (Physics), the image of the retinal blood vessels projected in, not merely on, that membrane. -- Virtual image (Optics), a point or system of points, on one side of a mirror or lens, which, if it existed, would emit the system of rays which actually exists on the other side of the mirror or lens. Clerk Maxwell.
Image /Im´age/ v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imaged ; p. pr. & vb. n. Imaging ] 1. To represent or form an image of; as, the still lake imaged the shore; the mirror imaged her figure. "Shrines of imaged saints." J. Warton.
2. To represent to the mental vision; to form a likeness of by the fancy or recollection; to imagine.
Condemn'd whole years in absence to deplore,
And image charms he must behold no more. Pope.
Webster's 1913 dictionary wrote:Word: Mawmet
/Maw´met/ n. [Contr. fr. Mahomet.] A puppet; a doll; originally, an idol, because in the Middle Ages it was generally believed that the Mohammedans worshiped images representing Mohammed. [Obs.] Wyclif. Beau. & Fl.
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\Beau\, n.; pl. F. {Beaux} (E. pron. b?z), E. {Beaus}. [F.,
a fop, fr. beau fine, beautiful, fr. L. bellus pretty, fine,
for bonulus, dim. of bonus good. See {Bounty}, and cf.
{Belle}, {Beauty}.]
1. A man who takes great care to dress in the latest fashion;
a dandy.
2. A man who escorts, or pays attentions to, a lady; an
escort; a lover.
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Word: Flourish
/Flour´ish/ v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flourished ; p. pr. & vb. n. Flourishing.] [OE. florisshen, flurisshen, OF. flurir, F. fleurir, fr. L. florere to bloom, fr. flos, floris, flower. See Flower, and - ish.] 1. To grow luxuriantly; to increase and enlarge, as a healthy growing plant; a thrive.
A tree thrives and flourishes in a kindly . . . soil. Bp. Horne.
2. To be prosperous; to increase in wealth, honor, comfort, happiness, or whatever is desirable; to thrive; to be prominent and influental; specifically, of authors, painters, etc., to be in a state of activity or production.
When all the workers of iniquity do flourish. Ps. xcii 7
Bad men as frequently prosper and flourish, and that by the means of their wickedness. Nelson.
We say
Of those that held their heads above the crowd,
They flourished then or then. Tennyson.
3. To use florid language; to indulge in rhetorical figures and lofty expressions; to be flowery.
They dilate . . . and flourish long on little incidents. J. Watts.
4. To make bold and sweeping, fanciful, or wanton movements, by way of ornament, parade, bravado, etc.; to play with fantastic and irregular motion.
Impetuous spread
The stream, and smoking flourished o'er his head. Pope.
5. To make ornamental strokes with the pen; to write graceful, decorative figures.
6. To execute an irregular or fanciful strain of music, by way of ornament or prelude.
Why do the emperor's trumpets flourish thus? Shak.
7. To boast; to vaunt; to brag. Pope.
Flourish /Flour´ish/, v. t. 1. To adorn with flowers orbeautiful figures, either natural or artificial; to ornament with anything showy; to embellish. [Obs.] Fenton.
2. To embellish with the flowers of diction; to adorn with rhetorical figures; to grace with ostentatious eloquence; to set off with a parade of words. [Obs.]
Sith that the justice of your title to him
Doth flourish the deceit. Shak.
3. To move in bold or irregular figures; to swing about in circles or vibrations by way of show or triumph; to brandish.
And flourishes his blade in spite of me. Shak.
4. To develop; to make thrive; to expand. [Obs.]
Bottoms of thread . . . which with a good needle, perhaps may be flourished into large works. Bacon.
Flourish /Flour´ish/ n.; pl. Flourishes 1. A flourishing condition; prosperity; vigor. [Archaic]
The Roman monarchy, in her highest flourish, never had the like. Howell.
2. Decoration; ornament; beauty.
The flourish of his sober youth
Was the pride of naked truth. Crashaw.
3. Something made or performed in a fanciful, wanton, or vaunting manner, by way of ostentation, to excite admiration, etc.; ostentatious embellishment; ambitious copiousness or amplification; parade of words and figures; show; as, a flourish of rhetoric or of wit.
He lards with flourishes his long harangue. Dryden.
4. A fanciful stroke of the pen or graver; a merely decorative figure.
The neat characters and flourishes of a Bible curiously printed. Boyle.
5. A fantastic or decorative musical passage; a strain of triumph or bravado, not forming part of a regular musical composition; a cal; a fanfare.
A flourish, trumpets! strike alarum, drums! Shak.
6. The waving of a weapon or other thing; a brandishing; as, the flourish of a sword.
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Variants of Muhammad's name in French: "Mahon, Mahomés, Mahun, Mahum, Mahumet"; in German: "Machmet"; and in Old Icelandic: "Maúmet" cf Muhammad, Encyclopedia of Islam
Webster's 1913 dictionary wrote:Word: Idol
/I´dol/ n. [OE. idole, F. idole, L. idolum, fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? that which is seen, the form, shape, figure, fr. ? to see. See Wit, and cf. Eidolon.] 1. An image or representation of anything. [Obs.]
Do her adore with sacred reverence,
As th' idol of her maker's great magnificence. Spenser.
2. An image of a divinity; a representation or symbol of a deity or any other being or thing, made or used as an object of worship; a similitude of a false god.
That they should not worship devils, and idols of gold. Rev. ix. 2 0.
3. That on which the affections are strongly (often excessively) set; an object of passionate devotion; a person or thing greatly loved or adored.
The soldier's god and people's idol. Denham.
4. A false notion or conception; a fallacy. Bacon.
The idols of preconceived opinion. Coleridge.Word: Simulacrum
/‖Sim`u·la´crum/ n.; pl. Simulacra (#). [L. See Simulate.] A likeness; a semblance; a mock appearance; a sham; -- now usually in a derogatory sense.
Beneath it nothing but a great simulacrum. Thackeray.
Word: Covetousness
/Cov´et·ous·ness/, n. 1. Strong desire. [R.]
When workmen strive to do better than well,
They do confound their skill in covetousness.
Shak.
2. A strong or inordinate desire of obtaining and possessing some supposed good; excessive desire for riches or money; -- in a bad sense.
Covetousness, by a greed of getting more, deprivess itself of the true end of getting.
Sprat.
Syn. -- Avarice; cupidity; eagerness.
Wycliffe, Tyndale, Geneva, Rkjv James 4:1-4 compated wrote:1 Whereof be battles and chidings among you? Whether not of your covetings, that fight in your members?
1 From whence cometh war, and fighting among you? come they not here hence? even of your voluptuousness that raineth {rayne} in your members.
1 From whence are wars and contentions among you? are they not hence, even of your pleasures, [lusts,] that fight in your members?
1 From where come wars and fightings among you? come they not from this, even from your lusts that war in your members? [fightings: or, brawlings] [lusts: or, pleasures]
2 Ye covet, and ye have not; ye slay, and ye have envy, and ye be not able to get [ye slay, and have envy, and ye be not able to get] . Ye chide, and make battle; and ye have not, for that ye ask not.
2 Ye lust, and have not. Ye envy and have indignation, and cannot come by it. [cannot obtain] Ye fight and war, and have not, because ye ask not.
2 Ye lust, and have not: ye envy, and desire immoderately, [have indignation,] and can not obtain: ye fight and war, and get nothing, because ye ask not.
2 Ye lust, and have not: ye kill, and desire to have, and cannot obtain: ye fight and war, yet ye have not, because ye ask not.
3 Ye ask, and ye receive not; for that ye ask evil, as ye show openly in your covetings.
3 Ye ask and have not, [receive not] because ye ask amiss, for [even] to consume it upon your voluptuousness.
3 Ye ask, and receive not, because ye ask amiss, that ye might lay the same out on your pleasures. [consume it on your lusts.]
3 Ye ask, and receive not, because ye ask amiss, that ye may consume it upon your lusts. [lusts: or, pleasures]
4 Adulterers, know not ye, that the friendship of this world is enemy to God? Therefore whoever will be the friend of this world, is made the enemy of God.
4 Ye advoutrers, and women that break matrimony: know ye not how that the friendship of the world is enmity to Godward? Whosoever will be friend of the world, is made the enemy of God.
4 Ye adulterers and adulteresses, know ye not that the amity of the world is the enmity of God? Whosoever therefore will be a friend of the world, maketh himself the enemy of God.
4 Ye adulterers and adulteresses, know ye not that the friendship of the world is enmity with God? whoever therefore will be a friend of the world is the enemy of God.